Aromatic exudations from species of commiphora trees and shrubs of the incense tree family burseraceae may also be referred to as balms. Habit dioecious rarely monoecious shrubs or trees, often spiny. Antimicrobial activity of commiphora myrrha against some. An indian species commiphora wightii is used in the treatment of diseases in ayurveda, the traditional medicine of india. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Its aromatic sap is thought to be the historical balm of judea, produced in eingedi and jericho during the second temple, roman and byzantine eras hepper and taylor, 2004, iluz et al. Commiphora myrrha is a sturdy, spiny, glabrous shrub or small tree, usually with a distinct short trunk up to 4 m tall. Medicinal properties of commiphora gileadensis pdf. Ncbis search engine for pubmed citations, genbank sequences, etc. Commiphora myrrha definition of commiphora myrrha by the.
The results obtained from ethanolbased extracts and from essential oils indicated that. Your purchase of them helps us propagate and distribute these amazing and historically significant trees. Commiphora myrrha and commiphora africana essential oils article pdf available in journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research 67. Myrrh is the dried gumresin from a number of closely related, small, thorny trees of the genus commiphora, probably originating in the highlands of.
Commiphora, myrrha, is a pantropical genus and perform. Comparative study of hypolipidemic profile of resinoids of. Commiphora myrrha holmes, balsamodendron myrrha, gum myrrh tree, commiphora resin, guggal gum or resin order. Gileadensis is probably a reference to the mountainous region in todays northwestern jordan. Native to saudi arabia, it has a few small, reddish or white flowers. The antibacterial activity of traditionally used salvadora persica l. The university of minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. The flowers are white to cream coloured, and the is is possible to propagate it from cuttings. Commiphora meccanensis synonyms, commiphora meccanensis. It is found in somalia and yemen and now in israel, growing in a well drained soil with little to some water water and lots of sun. The antihyperlipidemic activity of resinoids of guggul commiphora mukulcommiphora wightii, belonging to family burseraceae genus. Commiphora gileadensis, the arabian balsam tree, is a shrub species in the genus commiphora growing in saudi arabia, yemen, southern oman, sudan and in southeast egypt where it may have been introduced. Myrrh absolute is a finer strong odor based liquid used as excellent skincare and body care constituent.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol. Pdf therapeutic and preventive effects of commiphora. Resin collecting is an important part of the economy in ethiopia and. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Electronic plant information centre of royal botanic gardens, kew. Engl balsam of gilead, mecca myrrh, balm of gilead, balsam tree, mecca balsam. Other common names for the plant include balm of gilead and mecca myrrh, but this is due to historical confusion between several plants and the historically important expensive perfumes and. Today the tree is known as commiphora gileadensis or gileadensis for short. Commiphora species, myrrh gum, somalimyrrhe commiphora. Balm of gilead, or balm of mecca, is the myrrhlike resin from commiphora gileadensis of the. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine hindawi.
Commiphora gileadensis in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Outer bark silvery, whitish or bluish grey, peeling in large or small papery flakes from the greener underbark. There are approximately 185 species, distributed predominantly in arid tropical regions of africa and madagascar. Therapeutic and preventive effects of commiphora gileadensis. Mansfelds world databas of agricultural and horticultural crops. Although it is possible, it requires a well conditioned plant to become. Pdf commiphora gileadensis is a plant that was cultivated in ancient times in the land of israel, particularly in the oases of the dead sea basin. A case study of center for environmental science, addis ababa university, p abstract the present paper stipulated phytogeography, ecological ranges, possible origin and migratory route of commiphora jacq. Commiphora gileadensis, the arabian balsam tree, is a shrub species in the genus.
Commiphora gileadensis is an aromatic plant traditionally used in the middle east as a common remedy for pain and inflammation. Commiphora mollis velvet commiphora, velvetleaved corkwood. In contrast, when under stress the plant will shut down and lose all its leaves. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks.
About europe pmc funders joining europe pmc governance roadmap outreach. Commiphora meccanensis definition of commiphora meccanensis. Check other web resources for commiphora gileadensis l. Commiphora gileadensis is a plant that was cultivated in ancient times in the land of israel, particularly in the oases of the dead sea basin ein gedi and jericho. Traditional use of ethnomedicinal native plants in the kingdom of saudi arabia. This area is believed to have been famed throughout the middle east and beyond in ancient times especially for producing healing ointments, balms and oils. In ein gedis botanical gardens, the plants were grown in the field in sandy soil and drip irrigated with tap. Article citation database or nal catalog of usdas national agricultural library entrez. The genus contains approximately 190 species of shrubs and trees, which are distributed throughout the sub tropical regions of africa, the western indian ocean islands, the arabian peninsula, india, and vietnam. Is a selective apoptosis inducer for tumor cell lines. Commiphora gileadensis relates to the balm of gilead, which was used for its fragrance as well as healing properties. Commiphora myrrha is a member of family burseraceae, known locally as morr hijazi or myrrh and commercially as arabian myrrh or karam. The plant list includes a further 23 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus commiphora.
The diversity within the genus makes it difficult to give a general accurate description and single out defining features. The comminphora myrrha tree produces a type of aromatic resin known as myrrh mur higazy,commiphora africana tree produce gum resin known in sudan as gafal resin. The resinoids of these exudates were prepared in ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol. E plants originated from the chelsea physic garden, 66 royal hospital road, chelsea, london, uk.
Balsamus meccanensis, balsamus theophrasti, commiphora opobalsamum balm of gilead is a deciduous shrub or tree. Commiphora myrrha tree of eastern africa and asia yielding myrrh myrrh tree incense tree any of various tropical trees of the family burseraceae. Commiphora gileadensis is a tree in the burseraceae family, cultivated widely in hadhramaut governorate. Commiphora gileadensis article about commiphora gileadensis. Other articles where commiphora opobalsamum is discussed. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Yet, scientific evidence regarding the other properties of c. Amyris gileadensis l amyris opobalsamum l balsamea stocksiana engl balsamodendrum ehrenbergianum o.
Field study showed that commiphora gileadensis and c. This member of the burseraceae family was given this name by carl frederik albert christensen in 1922. Commiphora gileadensis, commiphora opobalsamum balm of gilead, mecca myrrh commiphora humbertii. Commiphora, collected from different parts of india gujarat, madhya pradesh and rajasthan, was studied on cholesterolrich high fat dietinduced model of hyperlipidemia in rats. There are no related plants for species commiphora gileadensis. Commiphora meccanensis small evergreen tree of africa and asia.
Commiphora gileadensis is instantly recognisable by the pleasant smell given out when a twig is broken or a leaf crushed. Myrrh or resin of commiphora plants commiphora gileadensis. The gileadensis tree was cultivated in at least six locations prior to the roman conquest. The stem will eventualy grow up to 40 centimetres in diameter, the whole bush up to five metres. Plant extracts have been used for a wide variety of purposes for thousands of years jones, 1996.
The genus of the myrrhs, commiphora, is the most speciesrich genus of flowering plants in the frankincense and myrrh family, burseraceae. First complete chloroplast genomics and comparative phylogenetic. The plant list includes 323 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus commiphora. Commiphora gileadensis cg, also known as commiphora opobalsamum, is an aromatic, mediumsized evergreen shrub that grows in east africa and arabia.
Pdf traditional use of ethnomedicinal native plants in. The bark of the balsam tree is cut to cause the sap to flow out. Commiphora gileadensis, commiphora opobalsamum, balm of. Other common names for the plant include balm of gilead and mecca myrrh, but this is due to historical confusion between several plants and the. An commiphora in nahilalakip ha familia nga burseraceae ilarom nga taxa. Commiphora meccanensis synonyms, commiphora meccanensis pronunciation, commiphora meccanensis translation, english dictionary definition of commiphora meccanensis. In the hebrew language it is referred to as balsamom.
Commiphora albiflora engl commiphora ancistrophora chiov commiphora anfractuosa chiov commiphora cassan chiov commiphora coronillifolia chiov commiphora gillettii chiov commiphora microcarpa chiov commiphora. Commiphora myrrha and commiphora africana essential oils. Pubmedcaryophyllene, a compound isolated from the biblical balm of gilead commiphora gileadensis, is a selective apoptosis inducer for tumor cell lines. Commiphora gileadensis sap extract induces cell cycle. Recently, several studies have reported on its antiproliferative effect in cancer cell lines. The genus commiphora burseraceae includes over 150 species of trees and shrubs, distributed mostly in east africa, arabia and india 1. Chemical composition and monoterpenoid enantiomeric.
Please note that this is a trial program and may end. The aim of the current study was to investigate the cytotoxic action of c. Pdf commiphora gileadensis is a tree in the burseraceae family, cultivated widely in hadhramaut governorate yemen and known locally as besham or. This soon hardens, and has a sweet smell that quickly evaporates. Commiphora myrrha synonyms, commiphora myrrha pronunciation, commiphora myrrha translation, english dictionary definition of commiphora myrrha. Gileadensis is probably a reference to the mountainous region in todays northwestern jordan, east of the jordan river.
All grow naturally or are cultivated in arid areas, from ethiopia to india, with other species that produce resins. Commiphora species, myrrh gum, somalimyrrhe commiphora myrrha. The balm of gilead or opobalsam is yielded by commiphora gileadensis, a nonspiny shrub of dry country in southern arabia and said to have been cultivated by solomon at engedi near the dead sea song of sol. Lighter in colour when compared with resinoid, it helps in fining cure for bronchitis, dysmenorrhea, chapped skin, gums, hemorrhoids, halitosis, itching and others. Tnpsc group 4 questions and answers in tamil pdf hot.
Ecological studies of commiphora genus myrrha in makkah region. Ancient trade routes young living israel cooperative. Commiphora in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Ancient trade routes young living israel cooperative balm. Pdf commiphora myrrha and commiphora africana essential oils. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine. Jericho, ein feshka, ein gedi, ein boqeq zohar, zoar, and a couple of plantations close to the river jordan. Do not try to use bottom heat with artificial light to activate the plant.
Commiphora gileadensis, commiphora opobalsamum family. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The comminphora myrrha tree produces a type of aromatic resin known as myrrh mur higazy, commiphora africana tree produce gum resin known in sudan as gafal resin. These are primarily included because names of species rank. Unfortunately the plant has become endangered because of its slow growth rate, poor seed germination rate and excessive and. Maakt het mogelijk om pdfbestanden samen te voegen met een simpele draganddrop interface. Plant resins with antimicrobial potential have been summarized, the resin of commiphora species were included. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Access is allocated within two business days of purchase and lasts one year. Balm of gilead, or balm of mecca, is the myrrhlike resin from commiphora gileadensis of the arabian peninsula. The biblical balm of gilead commiphora gileadensis was investigated in this study for anticancerous activity against tumor cell lines.